The Present Perfect

THE PRESENT PERFECT

1. The Form:

It is formed with two elements :

-Have / Has (present tense), + the past participle

(The PP of Regular verb is verb+ed, For example: played, arrived, looked.)

(The PP of Irregular verbs, Lokk at p. 155/157 of your books for the list of irregular verbs

EXAMPLES:

I have seen "the Titanic" several times.

I have never seen that movie.

NOTE: When you are using adverbs (already, never, just) they usually come between the first part and the second part (have never seen).

2. The use:

The Present Perfect is used to show a relation between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but it is not specifically mentioned and we are intrested in the result more than in the action.

The present perfect describes :

1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present:

Ex: I have lived in Tetuan since 1997 (= and I still do.)

2. An action that started in a time that has not yet finished:

Ex: She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)

3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now:

Ex: We have visited Agadir several times.

4. An action that was completed very recenttly usingthe adverb 'just').

Ex: I have just finished reading Taha Hussein's "Al-Ayyam".

5. An action when the time is not specified because it is not important.

Ex: He has watched the match between Tangier and Tetuan. (the fact of watching the match is more important than the time of watching it)

We use the SIMPLE PAST when we want to ask more specific information about when, where, who ...

Ex: He watched the match last Sunday.

For more information, click here

Unit Two Listening

Listen to the second audio chat between Amine and Helen

Gateway Cultural Awareness

UNIT 1
The World's Cultural Heritage:
1-Machu Picchu:
Old Peak; sometimes called the "Lost City of the Incas" is a well-preserved pre-Columbian Inca ruin located at 2,430 m on a mountain ridge. Machu Picchu is located above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, about 70 km northwest of Cuzco. Forgotten for centuries by the outside world, although not by locals, it was brought back to international attention by Yale archaeologist Hiram Bingham who rediscovered it in 1911, and wrote a best-selling work about it.

Here are some pictures about Macho Picchu:





















Here are some short videos of Machu Picchu:

Gateway Cultural Awareness

UNIT 1
The World's Cultural Heritage:
2-Kathmandu:

The Kathmandu Valley, located in the Kingdom of Nepal, lies at the crossroads of ancient civilizations of Asia, and has at least 130 important monuments, including several places of pilgrimage for the Hindus as well as the Buddhists. The cities of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur, located in this valley, present a high style of Nepalese art and architecture. Kathmandu valley was accorded the status of a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year 1979. It is rich in culture and the valley itself is and has been the cultural and political hub of Nepal. Other cities in the country include Pokhara, Janakpur, Biratnagar, Birgunj.

Here are some pictures and bout Kathmandu :

Here are some short videos of Kathmandu:

Gateway Listening

Unit 1:

Listening:

An audio chat on the net between Amine and Helen. Click on the link to download the audio file:

http://www.supload.com/listen?s=SL1Ru89R1Gu